<h2>Introduction: What Is L4 and Why Does It Matter</h2><p><strong>L4</strong> is the unofficial name for the electronic medical certificate of incapacity for work (<strong>e-ZLA</strong>, elektroniczne zaświadczenie lekarskie). The name has been in use since the times when the corresponding form was called «Formularz L4». Today, doctors issue it exclusively in digital format: the document is automatically sent to the employer and to <strong>ZUS</strong> (Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych — the Social Insurance Institution).</p><p>Entitlement to paid sick leave depends directly on the <strong>type of contract</strong> with the employer and on whether sickness insurance contributions (<i>składka chorobowa</i>) have been paid. This is precisely what determines who pays — the employer or ZUS.</p><h2>Umowa o pracę: The Gold Standard of Protection</h2><p><strong>The employment contract (umowa o pracę)</strong> provides the most comprehensive protection for the employee.</p><h3>Mandatory Insurance</h3><p>Under an umowa o pracę, contributions to <i>ubezpieczenie chorobowe</i> are deducted <strong>automatically</strong> — the employer is obligated to remit them to ZUS without any application from the employee. This is the key advantage over other contract types.</p><h3>Okres wyczekiwania — Waiting Period: 30 Days</h3><p>The right to paid sick leave does not arise immediately. To receive benefits, the employee must have worked continuously under an umowa o pracę for at least <strong>30 days</strong>. Before that period, a sick employee will not receive any financial compensation. The exception is a workplace accident — in that case, the waiting period does not apply.</p><h3>Benefit Amounts</h3><figure class="table"><table><thead><tr><th>Situation</th><th>Amount</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Illness, quarantine</td><td><strong>80%</strong> of the base (<i>wynagrodzenie chorobowe</i>)</td></tr><tr><td>Pregnancy</td><td><strong>100%</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Workplace accident or accident on the way to/from work</td><td><strong>100%</strong></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3>Who Pays and How Much?</h3><ul><li>The <strong>first 33 days</strong> of illness per year are paid by the <strong>employer</strong> — this is called <i>wynagrodzenie chorobowe</i>. The funds come from the company's own resources.</li><li>From the <strong>34th day</strong> onwards, payments are taken over by <strong>ZUS</strong> — this becomes the <i>zasiłek chorobowy</i>.</li><li>For employees <strong>over 50 years of age</strong>, the employer pays for only <strong>14 days</strong>, with ZUS stepping in from day 15.</li></ul><h2>Umowa zlecenie: A Matter of Choice</h2><p><strong>The civil law contract (umowa zlecenie)</strong> is flexible, but obtaining protection requires deliberate action.</p><h3>Voluntary Insurance — The Key Detail</h3><p>Unlike the umowa o pracę, the <i>składka chorobowa</i> under an umowa zlecenie is <strong>voluntary</strong>. This means: if the worker does not personally apply to the employer to be enrolled in the insurance scheme, they will receive nothing in the event of illness. The contribution rate is modest — <strong>2.45% of the assessment base</strong> — so opting out is highly inadvisable.</p><p><strong>How to enrol:</strong> you need to submit a written application to the employer (<i>zleceniodawcy</i>) requesting registration with ZUS for voluntary sickness insurance. Once enrolled, contributions will be deducted automatically from your remuneration.</p><h3>Okres wyczekiwania — Waiting Period: 90 Days</h3><p>Entitlement to <i>zasiłek chorobowy</i> under an umowa zlecenie arises only after <strong>90 consecutive days of paying contributions</strong>. A gap in payments — even for a single month — resets the counter to zero.</p><h3>Benefits and Source of Funding</h3><p>Under an umowa zlecenie, there is no concept of «<i>wynagrodzenie chorobowe</i>» from the employer. <strong>The entire zasiłek chorobowy is paid by ZUS</strong> — at <strong>80% of the base</strong> (the average remuneration over the previous 12 months).</p><h2>Comparison Table: UoP vs Umowa zlecenie</h2><figure class="table"><table><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Umowa o pracę</th><th>Umowa zlecenie</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Insurance</td><td><strong>Mandatory</strong></td><td><strong>Voluntary</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Waiting period</td><td><strong>30 days</strong></td><td><strong>90 days</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Standard benefit</td><td><strong>80%</strong> of salary</td><td><strong>80%</strong> of base</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit during pregnancy / accident</td><td><strong>100%</strong></td><td>100% (workplace accident only)</td></tr><tr><td>Who pays (days 1–33)</td><td><strong>Employer</strong></td><td><strong>ZUS</strong> (from day 1)</td></tr><tr><td>Who pays (from day 34)</td><td><strong>ZUS</strong></td><td><strong>ZUS</strong></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2>Exceptions and Special Cases</h2><h3>Umowa o dzieło — No Right to L4</h3><p>A contract for specific work (<i>umowa o dzieło</i>) <strong>completely excludes</strong> the possibility of paying <i>składka chorobowa</i>. The contractor pays no sickness insurance contributions and therefore has no entitlement to either <i>wynagrodzenie chorobowe</i> or <i>zasiłek chorobowy</i>. There are no exceptions.</p><h3>B2B (Sole Trader / Self-Employed)</h3><p>Entrepreneurs operating under the B2B model may <strong>voluntarily</strong> pay <i>składka chorobowa</i> to ZUS. The same rules apply as for the umowa zlecenie: a waiting period of <strong>90 days</strong> and a benefit of <strong>80% of the declared base</strong>. It is essential not to miss any payments — skipping even a single month means losing the right to benefits.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>In Poland, the type of contract determines everything. Not seniority, not loyalty to the employer — it is precisely the line in the contract that decides whether you will receive money when you fall ill.</p><p>In brief:</p><ul><li><strong>Umowa o pracę</strong> — insurance is activated automatically. Work for 30 days, fall ill, take L4. The first 33 days are paid by the employer, then ZUS takes over.</li><li><strong>Umowa zlecenie</strong> — without a personal application for voluntary insurance (<i>składka chorobowa</i>), you are invisible to ZUS. Enrol immediately and then wait 90 days.</li><li><strong>Umowa o dzieło</strong> — there is no right to L4 whatsoever. No exceptions.</li></ul><p>It is worth checking the terms of your contract in advance — ideally before the need actually arises.</p><p><i>This article has been prepared on the basis of current Polish legislation and official ZUS sources as of January 2026.</i></p>

A brief guide to sick leave in Poland. Find out why your contract type (UoP, UZ, B2B) determines your right to money during illness and how to avoid being left without payments.

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Sick Leave in Poland (L4): Who is entitled to benefits?

<p>The Polish healthcare system may seem complicated at first: <i>NFZ</i> (public health insurance), <i>POZ</i> (primary healthcare), referrals, waiting lists, and electronic services. But if you break it down step by step, it becomes clear where to go, how to book an appointment, and what to do if you need help right away. In this article, you’ll find a practical guide on how to make a doctor’s appointment in Poland if you’ve recently moved and haven’t yet figured out the local system.</p><h2>Two ways to see a doctor in Poland: free and paid</h2><p>In Poland, there are two main ways to see a doctor: through the public system or through private healthcare. Both options work, but they differ significantly in terms of speed, cost, and bureaucracy.</p><h3>Option 1: through <i>NFZ</i> — free, but with conditions</h3><p><i>NFZ</i> (National Health Fund) is the public system that allows you to receive medical care free of charge if you are entitled to health insurance. This usually applies to people who are officially employed, studying, registered in the system, or have another legal status that grants access to public healthcare.</p><p>The main advantage is obvious — you don’t have to pay for the visit itself. However, there are some specifics: first, you usually need to choose your <i>lekarz POZ</i> (primary care doctor), and for some specialists, you can only get an appointment with a referral. In addition, booking through <i>NFZ</i> is not always quick, especially if you need a specialist rather than a family doctor.</p><h3>Option 2: private clinics — paid, but faster</h3><p>Private healthcare in Poland is usually easier for newcomers: less bureaucracy, faster appointment availability, and more convenient online booking. In large cities, it is also easier to find doctors who speak not only Polish but also English or Russian.</p><p>The only downside is that you have to pay for the visit yourself if you don’t have a corporate package or private insurance. That’s why many foreigners combine both options: they handle basic issues through <i>NFZ</i> and urgent matters through paid appointments.</p><figure class="table"><table><thead><tr><th>Option</th><th>Pros</th><th>Cons</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>NFZ</strong></td><td>Free, access to a family doctor, tests, and referrals</td><td>Waiting times, not always quick access, often requires going through <i>POZ</i></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Private clinic</strong></td><td>Fast appointments, less bureaucracy, convenient service</td><td>You have to pay for the consultation yourself</td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2>Step 1 — Choose your family doctor (<i>lekarz POZ</i>)</h2><p>If you want to use the public healthcare system, you should start by choosing a <i>POZ</i> doctor. This is a basic step without which the whole system may seem even more confusing.</p><h3>What is <i>POZ</i> and why it matters</h3><p><i>POZ</i> stands for <i>podstawowa opieka zdrowotna</i> (primary healthcare). A <i>lekarz POZ</i> or <i>lekarz rodzinny</i> is your family doctor — the first doctor you consult. They treat fever, colds, pain, weakness, blood pressure issues, issue prescriptions and sick leave, order basic tests, and refer you to a specialist if needed.</p><p>Simply put, if you don’t know who to go to, in most cases your first doctor will be the <i>lekarz rodzinny</i> (family doctor).</p><h3>How to choose a doctor</h3><p>In practice, most people choose a clinic close to home or work. This is the most convenient and realistic option, especially if you’ve just moved and don’t know the city well yet. You don’t have to find the “perfect” clinic right away — it’s more important to enter the system first. You can always change your doctor later if needed.</p><h3>How to register with a clinic</h3><p>To officially use <i>NFZ</i> services, you need to submit a <i>deklaracja wyboru</i> (declaration of doctor choice). This document confirms that you are assigned to a specific clinic and family doctor.</p><p>You can do this in two ways:</p><ul><li><strong>Online</strong> — via <i>IKP</i> (Internet Patient Account), if you already have access</li><li><strong>In person</strong> — directly at the selected <i>przychodnia</i> (clinic)</li></ul><p>If you already have a <i>PESEL</i> number, it’s a good idea to set up <i>IKP</i> and the <i>mojeIKP</i> app. These tools allow you to track prescriptions, referrals, visit history, and some medical documents.</p><h2>Step 2 — Book an appointment</h2><p>Once you have chosen your family doctor, the next step is to book an appointment. In Poland, there are several ways to do this, so it’s best to know them all.</p><h3>Main ways to book</h3><p>You can usually book a doctor’s appointment in Poland:</p><ul><li>by phone through the reception desk</li><li>via the clinic’s website</li><li>through the <i>mojeIKP</i> app, if the service is available there</li><li>in person at the reception</li></ul><p>Public clinics still often rely on phone bookings. Private clinics more commonly offer convenient online registration, patient portals, or mobile apps.</p><h3>What to say in Polish</h3><p>If your Polish isn’t strong yet, a few basic phrases are enough:</p><ul><li><i>Dzień dobry, chciałbym/chciałabym umówić wizytę do lekarza rodzinnego</i> — Hello, I would like to book an appointment with a family doctor</li><li><i>Czy są wolne terminy na dziś albo na jutro?</i> — Are there any available appointments for today or tomorrow?</li><li><i>Mam NFZ</i> — I have NFZ insurance</li><li><i>To moja pierwsza wizyta w tej przychodni</i> — This is my first visit to this clinic</li><li><i>Czy lekarz mówi po angielsku albo po rosyjsku?</i> — Does the doctor speak English or Russian?</li></ul><p>Even this basic set is usually enough. If calling is difficult, you can ask someone to help or go in person.</p><h3>How long you usually have to wait</h3><p>Waiting times depend on the city, season, and specific clinic. You might see a <i>lekarz POZ</i> (family doctor) the same day or in a few days. Private clinics are usually faster. However, waiting times for specialists under <i>NFZ</i> can be much longer.</p><h2>Step 3 — Prepare for your visit</h2><p>To make your visit go smoothly, it’s best to prepare documents and clearly outline your issue.</p><h3>What documents to bring</h3><p>It’s recommended to bring:</p><ul><li>your <i>PESEL</i> number</li><li>passport, residence card, or other ID</li><li>proof of insurance (if needed)</li><li>a list of medications you are taking</li><li>previous medical records or test results</li></ul><p>Even if some information is already in the system, it’s better to have everything with you.</p><h3>What to prepare in advance</h3><p>Before the visit, it’s helpful to note your symptoms: what they are, how long they’ve lasted, whether you have a fever, what you’ve already taken, and what you expect from the visit — a prescription, sick leave, referral, or tests.</p><h3>What if you don’t have <i>NFZ</i></h3><p>If you don’t yet have access to public healthcare, it doesn’t mean you’re left without help. The easiest option is to book a private appointment and pay for it yourself. For many foreigners, this is the first practical solution after moving.</p><p>If you have employer-provided insurance or a private medical package, check what clinics and specialists are included.</p><h2>What if you don’t have time to wait? Online consultation</h2><p>Waiting lines are a normal part of the Polish healthcare system. Sometimes you can wait, but sometimes you don’t want to — for example, when you need quick advice or to continue treatment.</p><p>In such cases, it’s convenient to <a href="/en/e-consultation">get an online doctor consultation</a>. This is especially helpful for those who don’t want to spend time searching for available slots or dealing with phone calls in Polish.</p><p>For foreigners, the online format is often the simplest option: less bureaucracy, less waiting, and a clear path to medical help.</p><h2>Referral to a specialist: how to get one</h2><p>In Poland, under <i>NFZ</i>, you cannot always book directly with a specialist. In many cases, you first need a <i>skierowanie</i> (referral).</p><h3>Why a referral is needed</h3><p>A referral confirms that you need a consultation with a specialist.</p><h3>Who issues the referral</h3><p>Most often, it is issued by your <i>lekarz POZ</i> (family doctor).</p><h3>Electronic referral</h3><p>Nowadays, <i>e-skierowanie</i> (electronic referral) is commonly used. It’s convenient — no need to keep paper documents or worry about losing them. If you want to resolve the issue faster and with less bureaucracy, you can <a href="/en/e-referral">get an electronic referral</a>.</p><h2>Frequently asked questions (FAQ)</h2><h3>Can you see a doctor without PESEL?</h3><p>Yes, especially in private clinics. However, having a <i>PESEL</i> makes everything much easier.</p><h3>What if you don’t speak Polish?</h3><p>Use basic phrases, write through the clinic’s website, or ask someone for help. Also, check if the doctor speaks English or Russian.</p><h3>What if the waiting time is 2–3 months?</h3><p>If the wait is too long, don’t limit yourself to one clinic. Try another location, clinic, or choose a private appointment. Online consultation can also be a good alternative.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>The Polish healthcare system is not always intuitive, especially if you’ve just moved. But its logic is quite simple: first, choose a <i>lekarz POZ</i> (family doctor), then book an appointment, prepare your documents, and if needed, get a referral to a specialist.</p><p>If you need a faster and more convenient option, you can book a doctor’s appointment online without waiting and resolve your issue much quicker.</p>

We provide a step-by-step explanation of how to make a doctor's appointment in Poland: via the NFZ, private clinics, or online consultations. Written in simple language for foreigners who want to quickly navigate the Polish healthcare system.

Осмотр у терапевта в польской клинике: пошаговый процесс записи к врачу в Польше для иностранцев по страховке и частно.

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How to See a Doctor in Poland: A Step-by-Step Guide for Foreigners

<p>Without a referral, it is not possible to see most specialists in Poland through the <i>NFZ</i>. However, few people know that you can get one not only from your GP — but even online. Let's break down how the <i>e-skierowanie</i> system works and what to do when there's no time to wait for an appointment.</p><h2>What is an <i>e-skierowanie</i> and why do you need it</h2><p>An <i>e-skierowanie</i> (electronic referral) is a digital document that allows you to access a specialist within the Polish public healthcare system <i>NFZ</i>. Without it, the specialist will simply not see you under your insurance.</p><p>Until 2021, referrals were paper-based and easy to lose. Now everything is stored in a unified state system — the doctor sees your referral directly on screen, and you receive its code by SMS or through an app.</p><h3>Which specialists require a referral and which don't?</h3><p>You can see the following specialists without a referral: gynaecologist, psychiatrist, dermatologist, oncologist, venereologist, ophthalmologist, and addiction specialist. For all others — cardiologist, neurologist, orthopaedist, endocrinologist, and more — a referral is mandatory.</p><figure class="table"><table><thead><tr><th>No referral needed</th><th>Referral required</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Gynaecologist, psychiatrist, dermatologist, oncologist, venereologist, ophthalmologist, addiction specialist</td><td>Cardiologist, neurologist, orthopaedist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist and most other specialists</td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2>Who can issue a referral</h2><p>Many people assume that only a GP can issue a referral. That's not entirely true.</p><ul><li><strong>GP (</strong><i><strong>lekarz POZ</strong></i><strong>)</strong> — the most common option. Your GP monitors your health on an ongoing basis and refers you to the right specialist when needed.</li><li><strong>Any </strong><i><strong>NFZ</strong></i><strong> doctor</strong> — if you had an appointment with another doctor working within the <i>NFZ</i>, they can also issue a referral.</li><li><strong>Online consultation</strong> — if there's no time to wait for an in-person appointment, you can get a referral through an online doctor. This is a legal and increasingly popular option.</li><li><strong>Private doctor</strong> — important note: a referral from a private doctor is valid within the <i>NFZ</i> only if that doctor has a contract with the <i>NFZ</i>. Without a contract, the referral will only be valid for a paid visit.</li></ul><h2>What an electronic referral looks like</h2><p>Once the doctor issues an <i>e-skierowanie</i>, you receive a unique referral code (<i>numer skierowania</i>) — usually by SMS or through the <i>mojeIKP</i> app.</p><h3>The <i>mojeIKP</i> app</h3><p><i>MojeIKP</i> is the official Polish app for patients, where all your electronic documents are stored: referrals, prescriptions, visit history. It can be downloaded from the App Store and Google Play; log in using your <i>Profil Zaufany</i> (trusted profile) or online banking account.</p><h3>Validity period</h3><p>The validity period depends on the type of referral: most are valid for 30–90 days, some for up to 12 months. The exact period is stated in the referral itself. To avoid letting it expire, try to book an appointment with the specialist as soon as you receive it.</p><h2>Step by step: how to get a referral and see a specialist</h2><p>The whole process involves four simple steps.</p><h3>Step 1. See a doctor — in person or online</h3><p>Book an appointment with your GP or use an <a href="/en/e-consultation">online consultation with a doctor</a>. Describe your symptoms and explain which specialist you need to see.</p><h3>Step 2. The doctor issues the <i>e-skierowanie</i></h3><p>After the consultation, the doctor enters the referral into the system. You receive the code on your phone or see it in the <i>mojeIKP</i> app. No paperwork required.</p><h3>Step 3. Book an appointment with the specialist</h3><p>You can do this in three ways:</p><ul><li>through the <i>NFZ</i> website (using the „znaleźć świadczeniodawcę" function)</li><li>by phone to the clinic of your choice</li><li>in person at the reception desk</li></ul><p>When booking, give the referral code or mention that your referral is electronic — the receptionist will find it in the system themselves.</p><h3>Step 4. Attend the appointment</h3><p>The specialist sees your referral in the system automatically. Nothing needs to be printed. Just bring a document with your <i>PESEL</i> number — a <i>dowód osobisty</i> (ID card) or another form of identification.</p><h2>What to do if the waiting time for a GP is too long</h2><p>Getting an appointment with a <i>lekarz POZ</i> is not always quick — sometimes you have to wait several days, and in busier clinics even longer. If the situation is not urgent, that may be manageable. But if you need the referral right now — there's no need to wait.</p><p>The fastest option: <a href="/en/e-referral">get an electronic referral online</a> — without visiting your GP. A doctor will assess your situation remotely and, if needed, issue the <i>e-skierowanie</i> directly in the system. Everything is official — the referral is submitted to the <i>NFZ</i> and works exactly the same as one issued during an in-person visit.</p><h2>Frequently asked questions (FAQ)</h2><h3>Can I get a referral without a <i>PESEL</i> number?</h3><p>Without a <i>PESEL</i> you cannot use the <i>NFZ</i>, so no referral will be issued under your insurance. However, a private doctor can issue a referral for a paid specialist visit without a <i>PESEL</i>. If you don't have a <i>PESEL</i> yet — get it sorted first.</p><h3>How much does an <i>NFZ</i> referral cost?</h3><p>If you have <i>NFZ</i> insurance — the referral is free. You only pay for the specialist visit if that doctor works on a private basis only.</p><h3>What should I do if my referral has expired?</h3><p>You need to go back to your doctor and get a new one. The specialist will not accept an expired <i>e-skierowanie</i>.</p><h3>Can I choose any <i>NFZ</i> specialist in any city?</h3><p>Yes, the referral is not tied to a specific clinic or city. You choose the specialist and facility yourself on the <i>NFZ</i> website.</p><h2>Summary</h2><p>An <i>e-skierowanie</i> is simply a digital pass to see a specialist. You can get one from your GP, any <i>NFZ</i> doctor, or through an online consultation.</p>

What an electronic referral in Poland is, who needs it and how to get one online — without waiting for a GP appointment.

Врач в белом халате работает за ноутбуком, оформляя направление в электронной системе здравоохранения. Изображение иллюстрирует процесс создания цифрового документа e-skierowanie для доступа к узким специалистам.

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Electronic Referral in Poland (e-skierowanie): What It Is and How to Get One

<p>One of the first questions every foreigner in Poland faces is where to go when they fall ill. Two systems, different rules, different waiting times and different costs. Let's break down how <i>NFZ</i> differs from private healthcare and how to choose what works best for you.</p><h2>What is the <i>NFZ</i> and who can use it</h2><p><i>NFZ</i> (<i>Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia</i>) is the National Health Fund — Poland's public health insurance system. If you're entitled to coverage, doctor's appointments, tests and most procedures are free of charge.</p><p>Who has access to the <i>NFZ</i>:</p><ul><li>people in formal employment (contributions are paid automatically by the employer)</li><li>those registered as unemployed at the labour office</li><li>students at Polish universities</li><li>sole traders (<i>JDG</i> — <i>jednoosobowa działalność gospodarcza</i>) who pay their own <i>ZUS</i> contributions</li><li>family members of an insured person (spouse, children)</li><li>Ukrainian children under 18 with temporary protection (<i>ochrona czasowa</i>) — adult Ukrainians no longer have access to the <i>NFZ</i> on this basis</li></ul><p>If you have recently moved to Poland and haven't arranged insurance yet, you don't have access to the <i>NFZ</i> and will need to pay for appointments out of pocket.</p><h2>What is private healthcare and how does it work</h2><p>Private clinics in Poland operate independently of the public system. You pay per visit or purchase a subscription (medical package) — usually through your employer or privately.</p><p>The most popular private clinic networks are <i>Medicover</i>, <i>LuxMed</i>, <i>Enel-Med</i> and <i>Damian Medical Center</i>. Most of them have doctors who speak English, and sometimes Russian or Ukrainian as well.</p><h2>Key differences: <i>NFZ</i> vs private clinic</h2><figure class="table"><table><thead><tr><th>Factor</th><th>NFZ</th><th>Private clinic</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cost</strong></td><td>Free (with valid insurance)</td><td>Paid — from 100–150 zł per visit</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Waiting time</strong></td><td>GP — fast; specialist — weeks or months</td><td>Usually within a few days</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Specialist referral</strong></td><td><i>Skierowanie</i> required</td><td>Not required</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Language</strong></td><td>Usually Polish only</td><td>Often English, sometimes Russian</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Bureaucracy</strong></td><td>Clinic registration, <i>PESEL</i>, declaration form</td><td>Minimal — passport and payment</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Best for</strong></td><td>Those in formal employment or study</td><td>Everyone, including those without <i>NFZ</i></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2>When the <i>NFZ</i> is the better choice</h2><p>The <i>NFZ</i> is a good option if:</p><ul><li>you already have insurance and are registered at a clinic</li><li>your issue is non-urgent and you can afford to wait</li><li>you need tests, a basic check-up or a prescription renewal</li><li>you want a free referral to a specialist</li></ul><p>The main advantage is cost savings — especially important for chronic conditions that require regular medical visits.</p><h2>When a private clinic is the better choice</h2><p>Private healthcare is the right call when:</p><ul><li>you don't yet have <i>NFZ</i> access — no insurance or <i>PESEL</i></li><li>you need a quick consultation without a long wait</li><li>it's important to speak with a doctor in a language you understand</li><li>your situation is urgent but doesn't require an ambulance</li><li>you want to see a specific specialist without a referral</li></ul><p>Many foreigners in Poland combine both options: using the <i>NFZ</i> for routine matters and private clinics for urgent or complex issues.</p><h2>What if you have neither <i>NFZ</i> nor money for a private clinic?</h2><p>There's a middle-ground option — an <a href="/en/e-consultation">online doctor consultation</a>. It's cheaper than a private appointment, doesn't require <i>NFZ</i> access and is available without registering at a clinic. After the consultation, the doctor can issue an <a href="/en/e-recipe">e-prescription</a> or an <a href="/en/e-referral">electronic referral</a> if needed.</p><h2>How to save on private healthcare</h2><p>If <i>NFZ</i> isn't available but paying per visit is too expensive, here are some practical options:</p><ul><li><strong>Medical package through your employer</strong> — many Polish employers offer <i>Medicover</i> or <i>LuxMed</i> as part of their benefits package. Ask about it when starting a new job.</li><li><strong>Individual subscription</strong> — you can buy one independently, usually from 100–150 zł per month. It pays for itself after just one or two visits.</li><li><strong>Online consultation</strong> — significantly cheaper than an in-person visit and suitable for most common situations: prescription, sick leave, referral, or general medical advice.</li></ul><h2>Frequently asked questions (FAQ)</h2><h3>Can I use both the <i>NFZ</i> and a private clinic at the same time?</h3><p>Yes, this is completely normal. You can have <i>NFZ</i> insurance and still visit a private clinic at any time — simply at your own expense.</p><h3>Is a referral from a private clinic valid at the <i>NFZ</i>?</h3><p>Only if the doctor who issued it has a contract with the <i>NFZ</i>. Check this at the reception desk — not all private doctors have such a contract.</p><h3>What should I do if I don't have a <i>PESEL</i> but need medical help?</h3><p>Go to a private clinic — a passport is sufficient. An online consultation usually doesn't require a <i>PESEL</i> either. In an emergency, an ambulance is legally required to treat everyone regardless of insurance status.</p><h3>How much more expensive is private healthcare?</h3><p>A GP consultation at a private clinic costs around 100–150 zł. A specialist appointment costs 150–300 zł. Tests and diagnostics are charged separately.</p><h2>Summary</h2><p>The choice between the <i>NFZ</i> and a private clinic depends on your situation: whether you have insurance, how urgent the matter is and whether the language of the appointment matters. If the <i>NFZ</i> isn't yet accessible or you need help quickly — an <a href="/en/e-consultation">online doctor consultation</a> is often the simplest and most affordable solution.</p>

A comparison of the public (NFZ) and private healthcare systems in Poland: costs, wait times, bureaucracy, and tips on how foreigners can save on medical treatment.

Врач-терапевт проводит видеозвонок через ноутбук, дружелюбная медицинская консультация онлайн, частная медицина в Польше.

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NFZ or Private Clinic in Poland: Which to Choose?

<p>Long queues, language barriers, an unfamiliar system — all of this makes visiting a doctor in Poland stressful, especially for those who have recently moved. Telemedicine solves most of these problems: a doctor online, no queues, in a language you understand. Let's break down how it works in Poland and when an online consultation is the best choice.</p><h2>What is telemedicine and is it legal in Poland</h2><p>Telemedicine is a medical consultation conducted remotely — via video call, phone or chat. In Poland, telemedicine is fully legal and has been developing rapidly since 2020.</p><p>The doctor conducting an online consultation holds a Polish medical licence and operates within the same legal framework as a doctor at an in-person appointment. After the consultation, they can issue the same documents: an <i>e-recepta</i> (electronic prescription), an <i>e-skierowanie</i> (electronic referral) or an <i>L4</i> (sick leave certificate). Everything is official and valid within the <i>NFZ</i> system.</p><h2>What can be handled online and what cannot</h2><p>Telemedicine is suitable for most common situations, but it does not replace an in-person examination when physical diagnostics are needed.</p><h3>Can be handled online:</h3><ul><li>cold, upper respiratory infection, flu, cough, fever</li><li>prescription renewal for chronic medications (blood pressure, diabetes, thyroid)</li><li>sick leave certificate <i>L4</i></li><li>specialist referral (<i>e-skierowanie</i>)</li><li>consultation based on test results</li><li>questions about contraception, dermatology (based on photos)</li><li>psychological and psychiatric support</li></ul><h3>Cannot be replaced by online:</h3><ul><li>acute abdominal or chest pain, suspected appendicitis</li><li>injuries, fractures, wounds</li><li>initial specialist examination requiring physical diagnostics</li><li>situations requiring emergency services — in these cases call 112</li></ul><h2>How an online consultation at e-zdrowie.com works</h2><p>The process is straightforward and takes just a few minutes.</p><h3>Step 1. Choose a service</h3><p>The website offers: a doctor consultation, electronic prescription, sick leave <i>L4</i>, specialist referral. Choose what you need.</p><h3>Step 2. Describe your symptoms</h3><p>Fill in a short form: what's bothering you, how long it's been going on, what medications you're taking. The more precise the description — the faster and better the doctor's response.</p><h3>Step 3. The doctor reviews your case and gets in touch</h3><p>A licensed Polish doctor reviews your case and asks any necessary follow-up questions.</p><h3>Step 4. You receive your documents</h3><p>The prescription, referral or sick leave certificate is entered into the electronic system — you can view it in the <i>mojeIKP</i> app or receive a code by SMS. No need to go anywhere.</p><h2>How much does an online consultation cost</h2><p>Telemedicine prices in Poland are significantly lower than at private clinics:</p><figure class="table"><table><thead><tr><th>Service</th><th>Price</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Online doctor consultation</td><td>from 99 zł</td></tr><tr><td><i>E-recepta</i> (electronic prescription)</td><td>from 59 zł</td></tr><tr><td><i>L4</i> (sick leave certificate)</td><td>from 99 zł</td></tr><tr><td><i>E-skierowanie</i> (specialist referral)</td><td>from 69 zł</td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>For comparison: a private doctor's appointment in Poland costs 100–300 zł, plus travel time and waiting.</p><h2>Who benefits most from telemedicine</h2><h3>Those without <i>NFZ</i></h3><p>If you don't yet have insurance — an online consultation is available to everyone, without registering at a clinic or needing a <i>PESEL</i> in many cases.</p><h3>Busy people</h3><p>No need to take half a day off for a clinic visit. Consultations are available at any convenient time, from your phone or computer.</p><h3>Those who need a prescription renewal</h3><p>If you're already taking medication and need a new <a href="/en/e-recipe">e-prescription</a> — this is a classic telemedicine scenario. An in-person visit is unnecessary.</p><h3>Those temporarily unfit for work</h3><p>If you're feeling unwell and need a <a href="/en/l4">sick leave certificate L4</a> — there's no need to get out of bed and travel to a clinic.</p><h2>Telemedicine and the <i>NFZ</i>: how they connect</h2><p>An important point: an online consultation at e-zdrowie.com is a paid service and is not covered by the <i>NFZ</i>. However, the documents issued by the doctor after the consultation — prescription, referral, sick leave — are fully valid within the <i>NFZ</i> system.</p><p>This means you pay for the consultation itself, but afterwards you can see a specialist through the <i>NFZ</i>, collect medications at subsidised prices and so on.</p><h2>Frequently asked questions (FAQ)</h2><h3>Can you get an <i>L4</i> sick leave online in Poland?</h3><p>Yes. A doctor can issue an electronic sick leave certificate (<i>e-ZLA</i>) following an online consultation. It is sent directly to the employer through the <i>ZUS</i> system — nothing needs to be printed or delivered. <a href="/en/l4">Get L4 sick leave online</a>.</p><h3>Is a <i>PESEL</i> required for an online consultation?</h3><p>It depends on the service. For a prescription or sick leave certificate, a <i>PESEL</i> is usually required since the documents are entered into the state system. For a general consultation — not always.</p><h3>How quickly does the doctor respond?</h3><p>Usually within a few hours. For straightforward cases — sooner.</p><h3>What languages are available at e-zdrowie.com?</h3><p>Consultations at e-zdrowie.com are available in English, Russian, Ukrainian and Polish.</p><h3>Is telemedicine safe?</h3><p>Yes, as long as you consult a licensed doctor through an official platform. Doctors at e-zdrowie.com hold Polish medical licences and are professionally responsible for their recommendations.</p><h2>Summary</h2><p>Telemedicine in Poland is not a temporary fix — it is a fully valid medical tool. It is especially convenient for foreigners: less bureaucracy, no language barrier, no need to navigate the <i>NFZ</i> system from scratch. <a href="/en/e-consultation">Get an online doctor consultation</a> today — quickly, officially and in your own language.</p>

How telemedicine works in Poland, what can be handled remotely and how much an online doctor consultation costs — no queues, no language barrier.

Молодая врач-терапевт проводит онлайн-консультацию в Польше, выписывая e-рецепт на планшете.

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Telemedicine in Poland: how to get an online consultation

<p>A <i>PESEL</i> number is more than just a formality. Without it, accessing healthcare in Poland is difficult — you can't register with a GP through the <i>NFZ</i>, use electronic services or get a prescription in the state system. Here's how to get one, who qualifies for health insurance and what to do while your documents are still being processed.</p><h2>What is a <i>PESEL</i> number and why do you need it</h2><p><i>PESEL</i> (<i>Powszechny Elektroniczny System Ewidencji Ludności</i>) is an eleven-digit identification number assigned to every resident of Poland. It encodes your date of birth, a sequential number and a check digit.</p><p>Without a <i>PESEL</i> number you cannot:</p><ul><li>access healthcare through the <i>NFZ</i></li><li>receive an electronic prescription (<i>e-recepta</i>) or sick leave certificate (<i>L4</i>) in the state system</li><li>register in the <i>mojeIKP</i> app</li><li>verify your identity on most Polish online services</li></ul><h2>Who is eligible for a <i>PESEL</i> number</h2><p>A <i>PESEL</i> number can be obtained by:</p><ul><li>EU citizens residing in Poland</li><li>foreigners with a residence permit (<i>karta pobytu</i>)</li><li>foreigners registered at a place of residence (<i>zameldowanie</i>)</li><li>Ukrainians who entered Poland after 24 February 2022 — under a special law</li></ul><h2>How to get a <i>PESEL</i> number: step by step</h2><h3>Step 1. Prepare your documents</h3><p>To submit your application you will need:</p><ul><li>a passport or <i>dowód osobisty</i> (EU identity card)</li><li>a document confirming your grounds for staying: <i>karta pobytu</i>, rental agreement, employment contract or proof of registered address</li></ul><h3>Step 2. Visit the <i>urząd gminy</i> or <i>urząd miasta</i></h3><p>A <i>PESEL</i> number is issued by the local authority — <i>urząd gminy</i> (in rural areas) or <i>urząd miasta</i> (in cities). You need to visit the population registry department (<i>wydział ewidencji ludności</i>) in person and submit the application form.</p><p>For Ukrainians under the special law: <i>PESEL</i> numbers were also available through dedicated points — check the current procedure on <i>gov.pl</i>, as the rules change periodically.</p><h3>Step 3. Fill in the application</h3><p>The form is called <i>wniosek o nadanie numeru PESEL</i>. You can download it in advance from <i>gov.pl</i> or collect it on site. In the application, state the purpose of obtaining a <i>PESEL</i> — including access to medical services.</p><h3>Step 4. Receive your number</h3><p>A <i>PESEL</i> number is usually issued on the same day or within a few days. Once you have it, you can use it for medical purposes straight away.</p><h2>What is <i>NFZ</i> insurance and how to register</h2><p>A <i>PESEL</i> number is the first step, but on its own it does not automatically give you access to free healthcare. For that, you need <i>NFZ</i> insurance.</p><h3>Who is covered automatically</h3><p>If you are employed under an <i>umowa o pracę</i> (employment contract) or an <i>umowa zlecenie</i> (contract with contributions) — your employer registers you with <i>ZUS</i> and pays contributions on your behalf. <i>NFZ</i> insurance activates automatically. The same applies to students at Polish universities — they are covered through their institution.</p><h3>If you are self-employed (<i>JDG</i>)</h3><p>When you register as a <i>jednoosobowa działalność gospodarcza</i> (sole trader), you are required to pay your own <i>ZUS</i> contributions, including the health insurance contribution (<i>składka zdrowotna</i>). Coverage begins after your first payment.</p><h3>If you are temporarily not working</h3><p>In this case you can take out voluntary insurance by signing a voluntary health insurance agreement (<i>dobrowolne ubezpieczenie zdrowotne</i>) with the <i>NFZ</i>. The cost is a fixed monthly contribution. Contact the regional <i>NFZ</i> office in your area.</p><h3>How to check whether you have insurance</h3><p>The easiest way is through the <i>mojeIKP</i> app or on <i>pacjent.gov.pl</i>. In the „ubezpieczenie" section you can check your insurance status in real time.</p><h2>What to do while you don't yet have a <i>PESEL</i> or insurance</h2><p>Not having a <i>PESEL</i> or insurance doesn't mean you're left without healthcare. There are several practical options:</p><ul><li><strong>Private clinic</strong> — accepts everyone, a passport is sufficient. The downside is that you pay out of pocket.</li><li><strong>Online consultation</strong> — available without <i>NFZ</i> and in many cases without a <i>PESEL</i>. After the consultation, the doctor can issue a prescription or provide recommendations. <a href="/en/e-consultation">Get an online doctor consultation</a>.</li><li><strong>Emergency services</strong> — required by law to treat everyone in an emergency, regardless of insurance or <i>PESEL</i> status.</li></ul><h2>Frequently asked questions (FAQ)</h2><h3>Can you get a <i>PESEL</i> number online?</h3><p>For most foreigners — no, a personal visit is required. Polish citizens can get a <i>PESEL</i> number online through <i>ePUAP</i>, but this route is generally not available to foreigners.</p><h3>How long does it take to get a <i>PESEL</i> number?</h3><p>Usually the number is assigned on the day of application or within 1–3 working days. In some cases — up to 30 days, if additional document verification is required.</p><h3>When does <i>NFZ</i> insurance take effect?</h3><p>For those employed under a contract — from the first day of work, though it usually activates in the system within a few days of the employer completing registration. For voluntary insurance — from the date the agreement is signed and the first contribution is paid.</p><h3>What if my employer is slow to register me with <i>ZUS</i>?</h3><p>Contact your employer in writing and ask them to confirm registration. If the issue is unresolved — you can contact <i>ZUS</i> directly. In emergencies, medical assistance must be provided regardless of your status in the system.</p><h3>Is a <i>PESEL</i> number required for an online consultation?</h3><p>It depends on the service. For a general consultation — no. For an <i>e-recepta</i> or <i>L4</i> that are entered into the state system, a <i>PESEL</i> is usually required.</p><h2>Summary</h2><p>A <i>PESEL</i> number and <i>NFZ</i> insurance are the foundation for full access to healthcare in Poland. Getting them is simpler than it seems: one visit to the local authority office and a few days' wait. While your documents are being processed — an <a href="/en/e-consultation">online doctor consultation</a> is a fast and accessible solution for most healthcare needs.</p>

How to get a PESEL number in Poland, register for NFZ health insurance and what to do while your documents are still being processed. A step-by-step guide for foreigners.

Рабочее место врача в Польше: медицинский стетоскоп и ручка лежат на официальных бланках для регистрации пациентов. Изображение иллюстрирует процесс записи к врачу и важность наличия номера PESEL для доступа к государственной системе здравоохранения NFZ.

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How to get a PESEL number and health insurance in Poland

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